TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fogel,Robert William
TI  - Toward a New Synthesis on the Role of Economic Issues in the Political Realignment of the 1850s
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Historical Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 34
PY  - 1992
Y2  - January 1992
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/h0034
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/h0034.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Robert W. Fogel
Director,  Center for Population Economics
University of Chicago, Graduate School of Business
5807 S. Woodlawn Avenue, Suite 367
Chicago, IL  60637
Tel: 773/702-7709
Fax: 773/702-2901
E-Mail: rwf@cpe.uchicago.edu
M1  - published as Economic Development in Historical Perspective, Weiss, Thomas and Donald Schaefer, eds., Stanford:  Stanford University Press, 1993, pp. 179-204.
AB  - After sketching various ways in which economic issues influenced the political realignment of the 1850s, the paper concentrates on five questions: (1) the timing of the economic issues and the disjunctions in economic developments across regions and classes; (2) the size of the nonagricultural male labor force of the North toward the end of the 1850s and the ethnic and residential distributions of these workers; (3) changes in the ethnic composition of the northern electorate and the sharp shift in the partisan affiliations of "Old Americans," especially between 1852 and 1860; (4) problems in measuring the ups and downs in the standard of living of northern nonagricultural workers between 1840 and 1860 and provisional estimates of the decline in their real wages between 1848 and 1855; (5) a provisional estimate of the excess supply of labor during 1854-1855 created by the unfortunate phasing of three cycles (the collapse of a long cycle in construction, the coincident trough of a relatively mild trade cycle, and the continued upswing of a long cycle in immigration).
ER  -