2009
|
|
w15547 |
Eli Berman
Joseph Felter
Jacob N. Shapiro
|
Do Working Men Rebel? Insurgency and Unemployment in Iraq and the Philippines |
|
w15508 |
James B. Davies
Susanna Sandström
Anthony B. Shorrocks
Edward N. Wolff
|
The Level and Distribution of Global Household Wealth |
|
w15491 |
Peter H. Lindert
|
Revealing Failures in the History of School Finance |
|
w15477 |
Alejandrina Salcedo
Todd Schoellman
Michèle Tertilt
|
Families as Roommates: Changes in U.S. Household Size from 1850 to 2000 |
|
w15465 |
Efraim Benmelech
Claude Berrebi
Esteban F. Klor
|
The Economic Cost of Harboring Terrorism |
|
w15456 |
Grant Miller
Diana M. Pinto
Marcos Vera-Hernández
|
High-Powered Incentives in Developing Country Health Insurance: Evidence from Colombia’s Régimen Subsidiado |
|
w15455 |
Simon Johnson
William Larson
Chris Papageorgiou
Arvind Subramanian
|
Is Newer Better? Penn World Table Revisions and Their Impact on Growth Estimates |
|
w15448 |
Laura Alfaro
Anusha Chari
|
India Transformed? Insights from the Firm Level 1988-2005 |
|
w15437 |
Ajay K. Agrawal
Iain M. Cockburn
Carlos Rosell
|
Not Invented Here? Innovation in Company Towns |
|
w15433 |
Maxim Pinkovskiy
Xavier Sala-i-Martin
|
Parametric Estimations of the World Distribution of Income |
|
w15416 |
Berthold Herrendorf
Richard Rogerson
Ákos Valentinyi
|
Two Perspectives on Preferences and Structural Transformation |
|
w15408 |
Anthony B. Atkinson
Thomas Piketty
Emmanuel Saez
|
Top Incomes in the Long Run of History |
|
w15396 |
Hongbin Cai
Yuyu Chen
Hanming Fang
Li-An Zhou
|
Microinsurance, Trust and Economic Development: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Field Experiment |
|
w15386 |
Ian Ayres
Sophie Raseman
Alice Shih
|
Evidence from Two Large Field Experiments that Peer Comparison Feedback Can Reduce Residential Energy Usage |
|
w15356 |
Stelios Michalopoulos
Luc Laeven
Ross Levine
|
Financial Innovation and Endogenous Growth |
|
w15355 |
Raquel Fernández
|
Women's Rights and Development |
|
w15349 |
Klaus Desmet
Esteban Rossi-Hansberg
|
Spatial Development |
|
w15346 |
Tavneet Suri
|
Selection and Comparative Advantage in Technology Adoption |
|
w15344 |
Jeffrey Butler
Paola Giuliano
Luigi Guiso
|
The Right Amount of Trust |
|
w15323 |
Karthik Muralidharan
Venkatesh Sundararaman
|
Teacher Performance Pay: Experimental Evidence from India |
|
w15264 |
Lee J. Alston
Edwyna Harris
Bernardo Mueller
|
De Facto and De Jure Property Rights: Land Settlement and Land Conflict on the Australian, Brazilian and U.S. Frontiers |
|
w15304 |
Sharon Belenzon
Tomer Berkovitz
Patrick Bolton
|
Intracompany Governance and Innovation |
|
w15280 |
Michael Kremer
Jessica Leino
Edward Miguel
Alix Peterson Zwane
|
Spring Cleaning: Rural Water Impacts, Valuation and Property Rights Institutions |
|
w15275 |
Asli Demirguc-Kunt
Ross Levine
|
Finance and Inequality: Theory and Evidence |
|
w15268 |
Francisco J. Buera
Yongseok Shin
|
Productivity Growth and Capital Flows: The Dynamics of Reforms |
|
w15221 |
Benjamin A. Olken
Monica Singhal
|
Informal Taxation |
|
w15210 |
Patrick Bajari
Jeremy T. Fox
Kyoo il Kim
Stephen P. Ryan
|
A Simple Nonparametric Estimator for the Distribution of Random Coefficients |
|
w15209 |
Lee J. Alston
Andrés A. Gallo
|
Electoral Fraud, the Rise of Peron and Demise of Checks and Balances in Argentina |
|
w15087 |
Orazio Attanasio
Katja Kaufmann
|
Educational Choices, Subjective Expectations, and Credit Constraints |
|
w15157 |
Nathan Nunn
Nancy Qian
|
The Potato's Contribution to Population and Urbanization: Evidence from an Historical Experiment |
|
w15155 |
Daron Acemoglu
Melissa Dell
|
Productivity Differences Between and Within Countries |
|
w15152 |
Loren Brandt
Johannes Van Biesebroeck
Yifan Zhang
|
Creative Accounting or Creative Destruction? Firm-level Productivity Growth in Chinese Manufacturing |
|
w15131 |
Esther Duflo
Michael Kremer
Jonathan Robinson
|
Nudging Farmers to Use Fertilizer: Theory and Experimental Evidence from Kenya |
|
w15094 |
Charles I. Jones
Paul M. Romer
|
The New Kaldor Facts: Ideas, Institutions, Population, and Human Capital |
|
w15088 |
Timothy J. Besley
Torsten Persson
|
State Capacity, Conflict and Development |
|
w15083 |
Raghuram G. Rajan
Rodney Ramcharan
|
Land and Credit: A Study of the Political Economy of Banking in the United States in the Early 20th Century |
|
w15080 |
Yuriy Gorodnichenko
Klara Sabirianova Peter
Dmitriy Stolyarov
|
Inequality and Volatility Moderation in Russia: Evidence from Micro-Level Panel Data on Consumption and Income |
|
w15069 |
William Easterly
|
Empirics of Strategic Interdependence: The Case of the Racial Tipping Point |
|
w15050 |
Matthias Doepke
Fabrizio Zilibotti
|
Do International Labor Standards Contribute to the Persistence of the Child Labor Problem? |
|
w15041 |
Seema Jayachandran
Ilyana Kuziemko
|
Why Do Mothers Breastfeed Girls Less Than Boys? Evidence and Implications for Child Health in India |
|
w15028 |
Farley Grubb
|
Land Policy: Founding Choices and Outcomes, 1781-1802 |
|
w15000 |
Anne Case
Christina Paxson
|
The Impact of the AIDS Pandemic on Health Services in Africa: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys |
|
w14998 |
Anne Case
Alicia Menendez
|
Requiescat in Pace? The Consequences of High Priced Funerals in South Africa |
|
w14973 |
Nancy Qian
|
Quantity-Quality and the One Child Policy:The Only-Child Disadvantage in School Enrollment in Rural China |
|
w14968 |
Barry Eichengreen
Poonam Gupta
|
The Two Waves of Service Sector Growth |
|
w14958 |
Abhijit Banerjee
Esther Duflo
Maitreesh Ghatak
Jeanne Lafortune
|
Marry for What: Caste and Mate Selection in Modern India |
|
w14949 |
Manuela Angelucci
Giacomo DeGiorgi
Marcos A. Rangel
Imran Rasul
|
Family Networks and School Enrolment: Evidence from a Randomized Social Experiment |
|
w14942 |
Gary D. Libecap
Dean Lueck
|
The Demarcation of Land and the Role of Coordinating Institutions |
|
w14937 |
Claudio Ferraz
Frederico Finan
|
Electoral Accountability and Corruption: Evidence from the Audits of Local Governments |
|
w14918 |
Nathan Nunn
Diego Puga
|
Ruggedness: The Blessing of Bad Geography in Africa |
|
w14917 |
Xin Meng
Nancy Qian
|
The Long Term Consequences of Famine on Survivors: Evidence from a Unique Natural Experiment using China's Great Famine |
|
w14914 |
Francisco J. Buera
Joseph Kaboski
Yongseok Shin
|
Finance and Development: A Tale of Two Sectors |
|
w14887 |
Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan
Elias Papaioannou
José Luis Peydró
|
Financial Integration and Business Cycle Synchronization |
|
w14850 |
Kaivan Munshi
Mark Rosenzweig
|
Why is Mobility in India so Low? Social Insurance, Inequality, and Growth |
|
w14822 |
Francisco J. Buera
Joseph P. Kaboski
|
The Rise of the Service Economy |
|
w14801 |
Christopher Blattman
Edward Miguel
|
Civil War |
|
w14785 |
Timothy J. Hatton
Jeffrey G. Williamson
|
Vanishing Third World Emigrants? |
|
w14783 |
Nathan Nunn
Leonard Wantchekon
|
The Slave Trade and the Origins of Mistrust in Africa |
|
w14766 |
Jeffrey G. Williamson
|
History without Evidence: Latin American Inequality since 1491 |
|
w14748 |
David S. Jacks
Kevin H. O'Rourke
Jeffrey G. Williamson
|
Commodity Price Volatility and World Market Integration since 1700 |
|
w14720 |
John F. Helliwell
Christopher P. Barrington-Leigh
Anthony Harris
Haifang Huang
|
International Evidence on the Social Context of Well-Being |
|
w14707 |
Pascaline Dupas
|
Do Teenagers Respond to HIV Risk Information? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Kenya |
|
w14702 |
Marco Manacorda
Edward Miguel
Andrea Vigorito
|
Government Transfers and Political Support |
|
w14693 |
Pascaline Dupas
Jonathan Robinson
|
Savings Constraints and Microenterprise Development: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Kenya |
|
w14690 |
Angus S. Deaton
|
Instruments of development: Randomization in the tropics, and the search for the elusive keys to economic development |
|
w14640 |
Jeremy Atack
Fred Bateman
Michael Haines
Robert A. Margo
|
Did Railroads Induce or Follow Economic Growth? Urbanization and Population Growth in the American Midwest, 1850-60 |
|
w14638 |
William D. Nordhaus
|
The Perils of the Learning Model For Modeling Endogenous Technological Change |
|
w14637 |
Angus Deaton
Jane Fortson
Robert Tortora
|
Life (evaluation), HIV/AIDS, and Death in Africa |
|
w14633 |
Eric A. Hanushek
Ludger Woessmann
|
Do Better Schools Lead to More Growth? Cognitive Skills, Economic Outcomes, and Causation |
2008
|
|
w14606 |
Eli Berman
Jacob N. Shapiro
Joseph H. Felter
|
Can Hearts and Minds Be Bought? The Economics of Counterinsurgency in Iraq |
|
w14585 |
Timothy J. Besley
Torsten Persson
|
The Incidence of Civil War: Theory and Evidence |
|
w14553 |
Harald Uhlig
|
The Slow Decline of East Germany |
|
w14546 |
Marcos Chamon
Eswar Prasad
|
Why are Saving Rates of Urban Households in China Rising? |
|
w14537 |
Chiaki Moriguchi
|
Top Wage Incomes in Japan, 1951-2005 |
|
w14536 |
Richard H. Steckel
|
Heights and Human Welfare: Recent Developments and New Directions |
|
w14520 |
Rafael La Porta
Andrei Shleifer
|
The Unofficial Economy and Economic Development |
|
w14507 |
John F. Helliwell
|
Life Satisfaction and Quality of Development |
|
w14481 |
Yuriy Gorodnichenko
Jan Svejnar
Katherine Terrell
|
Globalization and innovation in emerging markets |
|
w14475 |
Esther Duflo
Pascaline Dupas
Michael Kremer
|
Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives, and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya |
|
w14469 |
Bryan S. Graham
James Powell
|
Identification and Estimation of 'Irregular' Correlated Random Coefficient Models |
|
w14467 |
Abhijit V. Banerjee
Esther Duflo
|
The Experimental Approach to Development Economics |
|
w14456 |
Anne Case
Anu Garrib
Alicia Menendez
Analia Olgiati
|
Paying the Piper: The High Cost of Funerals in South Africa |
|
w14426 |
David von Below
Torsten Persson
|
Uncertainty, Climate Change and the Global Economy |
|
w14418 |
Maurice Kugler
Eric Verhoogen
|
The Quality-Complementarity Hypothesis: Theory and Evidence from Colombia |
|
w14363 |
William Easterly
|
Can the West Save Africa? |
|
w14347 |
Raghuram G. Rajan
Rodney Ramcharan
|
Landed Interests and Financial Underdevelopment in the United States |
|
w14311 |
Abhijit Banerjee
Rukmini Banerji
Esther Duflo
Rachel Glennerster
Stuti Khemani
|
Pitfalls of Participatory Programs: Evidence From a Randomized Evaluation in Education in India |
|
w14335 |
Kaivan Munshi
Mark Rosenzweig
|
The Efficacy of Parochial Politics: Caste, Commitment, and Competence in Indian Local Governments |
|
w14278 |
Luigi Guiso
Paola Sapienza
Luigi Zingales
|
Long Term Persistence |
|
w14248 |
Chinhui Juhn
Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan
Belgi Turan
|
HIV and Fertility in Africa: First Evidence from Population Based Surveys |
|
w14198 |
Lori A. Beaman
Raghabendra Chattopadhyay
Esther Duflo
Rohini Pande
Petia Topalova
|
Powerful Women: Does Exposure Reduce Bias? |
|
w14157 |
Anupam Jena
Casey Mulligan
Tomas J. Philipson
Eric Sun
|
The Value of Life in General Equilibrium |
|
w14138 |
Benjamin F. Jones
|
The Knowledge Trap: Human Capital and Development Reconsidered |
|
w14136 |
Leo Feler
J. Vernon Henderson
|
Exclusionary Policies in Urban Development, How under-servicing of migrant households affects the growth and composition of Brazilian cities |
|
w14132 |
Melissa Dell
Benjamin F. Jones
Benjamin A. Olken
|
Climate Change and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Last Half Century |
|
w14130 |
David Y. Albouy
|
The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Investigation of the Settler Mortality Data |
|
w14116 |
Eric Bond
James R. Tybout
Hâle Utar
|
Credit Rationing, Risk Aversion and Industrial Evolution in Developing Countries |
|
w14109 |
Robert Koopman
Zhi Wang
Shang-Jin Wei
|
How Much of Chinese Exports is Really Made In China? Assessing Domestic Value-Added When Processing Trade is Pervasive |
|
w14107 |
Dan Bogart
Gary Richardson
|
Making Property Productive: Reorganizing Rights to Real and Equitable Estates in Britain, 1660 to 1830 |
|
w14093 |
Ryan D. Edwards
|
The Cost of Uncertain Life Span |
|
w14090 |
Kris J. Mitchener
Mari Ohnuki
|
Institutions, Competition, and Capital Market Integration in Japan |
|
w14131 |
Naci H. Mocan
|
Vengeance |
|
w14060 |
Laura Alfaro
Andrew Charlton
Fabio Kanczuk
|
Plant-Size Distribution and Cross-Country Income Differences |
|
w14050 |
Dani Rodrik
|
Second-Best Institutions |
|
w14045 |
James E. Anderson
|
Does Trade Foster Contract Enforcement? |
|
w14039 |
Karin Mayr
Giovanni Peri
|
Return Migration as a Channel of Brain Gain |
|
w14031 |
Sharon L. Maccini
Dean Yang
|
Under the Weather: Health, Schooling, and Economic Consequences of Early-Life Rainfall |
|
w14011 |
Seema Jayachandran
|
Air Quality and Early-Life Mortality: Evidence from Indonesia's Wildfires |
|
w13999 |
Pedro Dal Bó
Andrew Foster
Louis Putterman
|
Institutions and Behavior: Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Democracy |
|
w13992 |
William Easterly
Shanker Satyanath
Daniel Berger
|
Superpower Interventions and their Consequences for Democracy: An Empirical Inquiry |
|
w13958 |
Jikun Huang
Yu Liu
Will Martin
Scott Rozelle
|
Agricultural Trade Reform and Rural Prosperity: Lessons from China |
|
w13947 |
Seema Jayachandran
Adriana Lleras-Muney
|
Life Expectancy and Human Capital Investments: Evidence From Maternal Mortality Declines |
|
w13930 |
Gary Richardson
|
Brand Names Before the Industrial Revolution |
|
w13905 |
Raj Arunachalam
Trevon Logan
|
Is There Dowry Inflation in South Asia? |
|
w13838 |
Erica M. Field
Omar Robles
Máximo Torero
|
The Cognitive Link Between Geography and Development: Iodine Deficiency and Schooling Attainment in Tanzania |
|
w13834 |
Charles I. Jones
|
Intermediate Goods, Weak Links, and Superstars: A Theory of Economic Development |
|
w13828 |
Tanika Chakraborty
Sukkoo Kim
|
Caste, Kinship and Sex Ratios in India |
|
w13771 |
Zhi Wang
Shang-Jin Wei
|
What Accounts for the Rising Sophistication of China's Exports? |
|
w13769 |
J. Vernon Henderson
Anthony Venables
|
The Dynamics of City Formation |
|
w13725 |
Eli Berman
David D. Laitin
|
Religion, Terrorism and Public Goods: Testing the Club Model |
|
w13719 |
Yuriy Gorodnichenko
Jorge Martinez-Vazquez
Klara Sabirianova Peter
|
Myth and Reality of Flat Tax Reform: Micro Estimates of Tax Evasion Response and Welfare Effects in Russia |
2007
|
|
w13702 |
Lucian A. Bebchuk
Zvika Neeman
|
Investor Protection and Interest Group Politics |
|
w13686 |
Jan Eeckhout
Boyan Jovanovic
|
Occupational Choice and Development |
|
w13683 |
Abhijit V. Banerjee
Esther Duflo
|
Aging and Death under a Dollar a Day |
|
w13680 |
Larry E. Jones
Alice Schoonbroodt
|
Complements versus Substitutes and Trends in Fertility Choice in Dynastic Models |
|
w13581 |
John Whalley
Li Wang
|
Evaluating the Impure Chinese VAT Relative to a Pure Form in a Simple Monetary Trade Model with an Endogenous Trade Surplus |
|
w13552 |
Robert C. Feenstra
Chang Hong
|
China's Exports and Employment |
|
w13550 |
Branko Milanovic
Peter H. Lindert
Jeffrey G. Williamson
|
Measuring Ancient Inequality |
|
w13547 |
Lynne G. Zucker
Michael R. Darby
|
Star Scientists, Innovation and Regional and National Immigration |
|
w13545 |
Joana Naritomi
Rodrigo R. Soares
Juliano J. Assunção
|
Rent Seeking and the Unveiling of 'De Facto' Institutions: Development and Colonial Heritage within Brazil |
|
w13533 |
Ernesto F. L. Amaral
Daniel S. Hamermesh
Joseph E. Potter
Eduardo L.G. Rios-Neto
|
Demographic Change and the Structure of Wages: A Demand-Theoretic Analysis for Brazil |
|
w13515 |
Ellen McGrattan
Edward C. Prescott
|
Openness, Technology Capital, and Development |
|
w13498 |
Sandra G. Sosa-Rubi
Omar Galarraga
Jeffrey E. Harris
|
Heterogeneous Impact of the "Seguro Popular" Program on the Utilization of Obstetrical Services in Mexico, 2001-2006: A Multinomial Probit Model with a Discrete Endogenous Variable |
|
w13470 |
Lee Branstetter
C. Fritz Foley
|
Facts and Fallacies about U.S. FDI in China |
|
w13469 |
Charles R. Hulten
Anders Isaksson
|
Why Development Levels Differ: The Sources of Differential Economic Growth in a Panel of High and Low Income Countries |
|
w13454 |
Hans-Werner Sinn
|
Public Policies against Global Warming |
|
w13453 |
Hans-Werner Sinn
|
Pareto Optimality in the Extraction of Fossil Fuels and the Greenhouse Effect: A Note |
|
w13446 |
Raymond Fisman
Shang-Jin Wei
|
The Smuggling of Art, and the Art of Smuggling: Uncovering the Illicit Trade in Cultural Property and Antiques |
|
w13442 |
Cally Ardington
Anne Case
Victoria Hosegood
|
Labor Supply Responses to Large Social Transfers: Longitudinal Evidence from South Africa |
|
w13435 |
Joseph P.H. Fan
Randall Morck
Lixin Colin Xu
Bernard Yeung
|
Institutions and Foreign Investment: China versus the World |
|
w13405 |
Thomas Philippon
|
Why Has the U.S. Financial Sector Grown so Much? The Role of Corporate Finance. |
|
w13400 |
Pierre-Richard Agénor
Joshua Aizenman
|
Aid Volatility and Poverty Traps |
|
w13367 |
Nathan Nunn
|
The Long-Term Effects of Africa's Slave Trades |
|
w13355 |
Stefano DellaVigna
Eliana La Ferrara
|
Detecting Illegal Arms Trade |
|
w13334 |
Daron Acemoglu
Simon Johnson
James A. Robinson
Pierre Yared
|
Reevaluating the Modernization Hypothesis |
|
w13319 |
David de la Croix
Matthias Doepke
|
To Segregate or to Integrate: Education Politics and Democracy |
|
w13317 |
Angus Deaton
|
Income, Aging, Health and Wellbeing Around the World: Evidence from the Gallup World Poll |
|
w13306 |
Johannes Van Biesebroeck
|
Wage and Productivity Premiums in Sub-Saharan Africa |
|
w13305 |
Robert Jensen
Emily Oster
|
The Power of TV: Cable Television and Women's Status in India |
|
w13303 |
Miguel Urquiola
Eric Verhoogen
|
Class Size and Sorting in Market Equilibrium: Theory and Evidence |
|
w13300 |
Paul Glewwe
Michael Kremer
Sylvie Moulin
|
Many Children Left Behind? Textbooks and Test Scores in Kenya |
|
w13299 |
Thorsten Beck
Ross Levine
Alexey Levkov
|
Big Bad Banks? The Impact of U.S. Branch Deregulation on Income Distribution |
|
w13290 |
Chang-Tai Hsieh
Peter J. Klenow
|
Misallocation and Manufacturing TFP in China and India |
|
w13286 |
Robert E. Lucas
Jr.
|
Trade and the Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution |
|
w13243 |
Robert T. Jensen
Nolan H. Miller
|
Giffen Behavior: Theory and Evidence |
|
w13222 |
Garth Frazer
Johannes Van Biesebroeck
|
Trade Growth under the African Growth and Opportunity Act |
|
w13209 |
Kiminori Matsuyama
|
Aggregate Implications of Credit Market Imperfections |
|
w13208 |
Daron Acemoglu
María Angélica Bautista
Pablo Querubín
James A. Robinson
|
Economic and Political Inequality in Development: The Case of Cundinamarca, Colombia |
|
w13171 |
Randall Morck
Masao Nakamura
|
Business Groups and the Big Push: Meiji Japan's Mass Privatization and Subsequent Growth |
|
w13150 |
Torsten Persson
Guido Tabellini
|
The Growth Effect of Democracy: Is It Heterogenous and How Can It Be Estimated? |
|
w13145 |
Benjamin A. Olken
Patrick Barron
|
The Simple Economics of Extortion: Evidence from Trucking in Aceh |
|
w13120 |
Simon Johnson
Jonathan D. Ostry
Arvind Subramanian
|
The Prospects for Sustained Growth in Africa: Benchmarking the Constraints |
|
w13118 |
Laura Alfaro
Andrew Charlton
|
International Financial Integration and Entrepreneurial Firm Activity |
|
w13104 |
Jeremy Greenwood
Juan M. Sanchez
Cheng Wang
|
Financing Development: The Role of Information Costs |
|
w13103 |
David Dollar
Shang-Jin Wei
|
Das (Wasted) Kapital: Firm Ownership and Investment Efficiency in China |
|
w13100 |
Jeffrey A. Frankel
Shang-Jin Wei
|
Assessing China's Exchange Rate Regime |
|
w13087 |
Rodrigo R. Soares
|
Health and the Evolution of Welfare across Brazilian Municipalities |
|
w13084 |
Joshua Aizenman
Mark Spiegel
|
Takeoffs |
|
w13081 |
Veronica Cacdac Warnock
Francis E. Warnock
|
Markets and Housing Finance |
|
w13070 |
Una Okonkwo Osili
Bridget Terry Long
|
Does Female Schooling Reduce Fertility? Evidence from Nigeria |
|
w13065 |
Kaivan Munshi
|
From Farming to International Business: The Social Auspices of Entrepreneurship in a Growing Economy |
|
w13049 |
Emily Oster
|
HIV and Sexual Behavior Change: Why Not Africa? |
|
w13034 |
Jennifer Hunt
|
Bribery in Health Care in Peru and Uganda |
|
w13028 |
Timothy Besley
Torsten Persson
|
The Origins of State Capacity: Property Rights, Taxation, and Politics |
|
w13018 |
Diego Restuccia
Richard Rogerson
|
Policy Distortions and Aggregate Productivity with Heterogeneous Plants |
|
w12966 |
Carlos Bozzoli
Angus S. Deaton
Climent Quintana-Domeque
|
Child Mortality, Income and Adult Height |
|
w12943 |
Barry Bosworth
Susan M. Collins
|
Accounting for Growth: Comparing China and India |
|
w12926 |
Eric V. Edmonds
|
Child Labor |
|
w12917 |
Matthias Doepke
Fabrizio Zilibotti
|
Occupational Choice and the Spirit of Capitalism |
|
w12914 |
David Hummels
Volodymyr Lugovskyy
Alexandre Skiba
|
The Trade Reducing Effects of Market Power in International Shipping |
|
w12911 |
Abhijit Banerjee
Lakshmi Iyer
Rohini Somanathan
|
Public Action for Public Goods |
|
w12895 |
Abhijit Banerjee
Esther Duflo
Gilles Postel-Vinay
Timothy M. Watts
|
Long Run Health Impacts of Income Shocks: Wine and Phylloxera in 19th Century France |
|
w12872 |
James R. Markusen
Natalia Trofimenko
|
Teaching Locals New Tricks: Foreign Experts as a Channel of Knowledge Transfers |
|
w12869 |
Isaac Ehrlich
Jinyoung Kim
|
Has Social Security Influenced Family Formation and Fertility in OECD Countries? An Economic and Econometric Analysis |
|
w12851 |
Efraim Benmelech
Tobias J. Moskowitz
|
The Political Economy of Financial Regulation: Evidence from U.S. State Usury Laws in the 19th Century |
|
w12833 |
Francesco Caselli
Nicola Gennaioli
|
Economics and Politics of Alternative Institutional Reforms |
|
w12832 |
Eric A. Hanushek
Ludger Woessmann
|
The Role of School Improvement in Economic Development |
|
w12818 |
Raymond Fisman
Peter Moustakerski
Shang-Jin Wei
|
Outsourcing Tariff Evasion: A New Explanation for Entrepot Trade |
2006
|
|
w12795 |
Douglass C North
John Joseph Wallis
Barry R. Weingast
|
A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History |
|
w12794 |
Dean Yang
|
Coping with Disaster: The Impact of Hurricanes on International Financial Flows, 1970-2002 |
|
w12779 |
John Whalley
Ximing Yue
|
Rural Income Volatility and Inequality in China |
|
w12755 |
Chong-En Bai
Chang-Tai Hsieh
Yingyi Qian
|
The Return to Capital in China |
|
w12743 |
Emily Oster
|
Does Increased Access Increase Equality? Gender and Child Health Investments in India |
|
w12737 |
Eric A. Hanushek
Victor Lavy
Kohtaro Hitomi
|
Do Students Care about School Quality? Determinants of Dropout Behavior in Developing Countries |
|
w12735 |
Angus Deaton
|
Global Patterns of Income and Health: Facts, Interpretations, and Policies |
|
w12700 |
Cyrus C. M. Mody
|
Instruments of Commerce and Knowledge: Probe Microscopy, 1980-2000 |
|
w12698 |
Peter Blair Henry
|
Capital Account Liberalization: Theory, Evidence, and Speculation |
|
w12689 |
Joshua S. Graff Zivin
Harsha Thirumurthy
Markus Goldstein
|
AIDS Treatment and Intrahousehold Resource Allocations: Children's Nutrition and Schooling in Kenya |
|
w12686 |
Li Gan
Lixin Colin Xu
Yang Yao
|
Health Shocks, Village Elections, and Long-Term Income: Evidence from Rural China |
|
w12613 |
Shilpi Kapur
Sukkoo Kim
|
British Colonial Institutions and Economic Development in India |
|
w12610 |
Robert H. Bates
John H. Coatsworth
Jeffrey G. Williamson
|
Lost Decades: Lessons from Post-Independence Latin America for Today's Africa |
|
w12594 |
Ching-Yi Chung
Gary Richardson
|
Deposit Insurance and the Composition of Bank Suspensions in Developing Economies: Lessons from the State Deposit Insurance Experiments of the 1920S |
|
w12576 |
James E. Anderson
|
Commercial Policy in a Predatory World |
|
w12573 |
Gerard Padro i Miquel
|
The Control of Politicians in Divided Societies: The Politics of Fear |
|
w12567 |
Claustre Bajona
Timothy J. Kehoe
|
Trade, Growth, and Convergence in a Dynamic Heckscher-Ohlin Model |
|
w12566 |
Claustre Bajona
Timothy J. Kehoe
|
Demographics in Dynamic Heckscher-Ohlin Models: Overlapping Generations Versus Infinitely Lived Consumers |
|
w12565 |
Dani Rodrik
|
Understanding South Africa's Economic Puzzles |
|
w12552 |
John D. Burger
Francis E. Warnock
|
Local Currency Bond Markets |
|
w12548 |
John D. Burger
Francis E. Warnock
|
Foreign Participation in Local Currency Bond Markets |
|
w12546 |
James Feyrer
Bruce Sacerdote
|
Colonialism and Modern Income -- Islands as Natural Experiments |
|
w12525 |
Alexander Dyck
Natalya Volchkova
Luigi Zingales
|
The Corporate Governance Role of the Media: Evidence from Russia |
|
w12490 |
Jennifer Hunt
|
How Corruption Hits People When They Are Down |
|
w12418 |
James A. Levinsohn
Taryn Dinkelman
Rolang Majelantle
|
When Knowledge is not Enough: HIV/AIDS Information and Risky Behavior in Botswana |
|
w12411 |
Tatyana Chesnokova
Kala Krishna
|
Skill Acquisition, Credit Constraints, and Trade |
|
w12396 |
Dean Yang
|
Why Do Migrants Return to Poor Countries? Evidence From Philippine Migrants%u2019 Responses to Exchange Rate Shocks |
|
w12394 |
Kathy Fogel
Randall Morck
Bernard Yeung
|
Big Business Stability and Economic Growth: Is What's Good for General Motors Good for America? |
|
w12373 |
Lee Branstetter
Nicholas Lardy
|
China's Embrace of Globalization |
|
w12347 |
Ann Harrison
|
Globalization and Poverty |
|
w12325 |
Dean Yang
|
International Migration, Remittances, and Household Investment: Evidence from Philippine Migrants' Exchange Rate Shocks |
|
w12314 |
Diego Comin
Bart Hobiijn
|
An Exploration of Technology Diffusion |
|
w12252 |
Ana Carla A. Costa
Joao M.P. De Mello
|
Judicial Risk and Credit Market Performance: Micro Evidence from Brazilian Payroll Loans |
|
w12238 |
Rachel M. McCleary
Robert J. Barro
|
U.S.-Based Private Voluntary Organizations: Religious and Secular PVOs Engaged in International Relief & Development |
|
w12229 |
Sebastian Edwards
|
Monetary Unions, External Shocks and Economic Performance: A Latin American Perspective |
|
w12181 |
Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan
|
AIDS, "Reversal" of the Demographic Transition and Economic Development: Evidence from Africa |
|
w12175 |
Torsten Persson
Guido Tabellini
|
Democratic Capital: The Nexus of Political and Economic Change |
|
w12153 |
Enrico Spolaore
Romain Wacziarg
|
The Diffusion of Development |
|
w12154 |
Sebastian Edwards
|
The U.S. Current Account Deficit: Gradual Correction or Abrupt Adjustment? |
|
w12110 |
J. Vernon Henderson
Ari Kuncoro
|
"Sick of Local Government Corruption? Vote Islamic" |
|
w12104 |
Chang-Tai Hsieh
Jonathan A. Parker
|
Taxes and Growth in a Financially Underdeveloped Country: Evidence from the Chilean Investment Boom |
|
w12093 |
Raghuram G. Rajan
|
Competitive Rent Preservation, Reform Paralysis, and the Persistence of Underdevelopment |
|
w12081 |
Fumio Hayashi
Edward C. Prescott
|
The Depressing Effect of Agricultural Institutions on the Prewar Japanese Economy |
|
w12045 |
Peter C. Mancall
Joshua Rosenbloom
Thomas Weiss
|
Exports and Slow Economic Growth in the Lower South Region, 1720-1800 |
|
w12030 |
Laurent E. Calvet
John Y. Campbell
Paolo Sodini
|
Down or Out: Assessing the Welfare Costs of Household Investment Mistakes |
|
w12023 |
Kalpana Kochhar
Utsav Kumar
Raghuram Rajan
Arvind Subramanian
|
India's Patterns of Development: What Happened, What Follows |
|
w12005 |
Joshua Angrist
Aimee Chin
Ricardo Godoy
|
Is Spanish-Only Schooling Responsible for the Puerto Rican Language Gap? |
|
w11993 |
Torsten Persson
Guido Tabellini
|
Democracy and Development: The Devil in the Details |
|
w11963 |
David M. Cutler
Angus S. Deaton
Adriana Lleras-Muney
|
The Determinants of Mortality |
|
w11940 |
Daron Acemoglu
|
Modeling Inefficient Institutions |
2005
|
|
w11904 |
Abhijit Banerjee
Shawn Cole
Esther Duflo
Leigh Linden
|
Remedying Education: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments in India |
|
w11901 |
Laura Alfaro
Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan
Vadym Volosovych
|
Why Doesn't Capital Flow from Rich to Poor Countries? An Empirical Investigation |
|
w11891 |
Frederic Mishkin
|
Is Financial Globalization Beneficial? |
|
w11871 |
Harsha Thirumurthy
Joshua Graff-Zivin
Markus Goldstein
|
The Economic Impact of AIDS Treatment: Labor Supply in Western Kenya |
|
w11866 |
Timothy J. Hatton
Jeffrey G. Williamson
|
A Dual Policy Paradox: Why Have Trade and Immigration Policies Always Differed in Labor-Scarce Economies |
|
w11804 |
Irene Brambilla
Guido Porto
|
Market Structure, Outgrower contracs and Farm Output. Evidence from Cotton Reforms in Zambia |
|
w11774 |
Bee Yan Aw
Mark J. Roberts
Tor Winston
|
The Complementary Role of Exports and R&D Investments as Sources of Productivity Growth |
|
w11711 |
Esther Duflo
Rohini Pande
|
Dams |
|
w11704 |
Grant Miller
|
Contraception as Development? New Evidence from Family Planning in Colombia |
|
w11696 |
Laura Alfaro
Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan
Vadym Volosovych
|
Capital Flows in a Globalized World: The Role of Policies and Institutions |
|
w11669 |
Sebastian Edwards
|
The End of Large Current Account Deficits, 1970-2002: Are There Lessons for the United States? |
|
w11661 |
Roger Gordon
Wei Li
|
Puzzling Tax Structures in Developing Countries: A Comparison of Two Alternative Explanations |
|
w11656 |
Marcela Eslava
John Haltiwanger
Adriana Kugler
Maurice Kugler
|
Factor Adjustments After Deregulation: Panel Evidence from Colombian Plants |
|
w11629 |
Jeremy Greenwood
Guillaume Vandenbroucke
|
Hours Worked: Long-Run Trends |
|
w11620 |
Peter Lorentzen
John McMillan
Romain Wacziarg
|
Death and Development |
|
w11592 |
Hongbin Cai
Hanming Fang
Lixin Colin Xu
|
Eat, Drink, Firms and Government: An Investigation of Corruption from Entertainment and Travel Costs of Chinese Firms |
|
w11590 |
Isaac Ehrlich
Jinyoung Kim
|
Endogenous Fertility, Mortality and Economic Growth: Can a Malthusian Framework Account for the Conflicting Historical Trends in Population? |
|
w11560 |
Midori Wakabayashi
Charles Yuji Horioka
|
Borrowing Constraints and Consumption Behavior in Japan |
|
w11551 |
Francesco Caselli
James Feyrer
|
The Marginal Product of Capital |
|
w11541 |
Sebastian Edwards
|
Is the U.S. Current Account Deficit Sustainable? And If Not, How Costly is Adjustment Likely To Be? |
|
w11528 |
Benjamin F. Jones
Benjamin A. Olken
|
The Anatomy of Start-Stop Growth |
|
w11498 |
Thorsten Beck
Asli Demirguc-Kunt
Ross Levine
|
Bank Supervision and Corruption in Lending |
|
w11484 |
Timothy Besley
Torsten Persson
Daniel Sturm
|
Political Competition and Economic Performance: Theory and Evidence from the United States |
|
w11482 |
Joshua L. Rosenbloom
Gregory W. Stutes
|
Reexamining the Distribution of Wealth in 1870 |
|
w11455 |
David N. Weil
|
Accounting for the Effect of Health on Economic Growth |
|
w11451 |
Paul Beaudry
Patrick Francois
|
Managerial Skill Acquisition and the Theory of Economic Development |
|
w11428 |
Susan M. Richter
J. Edward Taylor
Antonio Naude
|
Impacts of Policy Reforms on Labor Migration From Rural Mexico to the United States |
|
w11384 |
Murray Leibbrandt
James Levinsohn
Justin McCrary
|
Incomes in South Africa Since the Fall of Apartheid |
|
w11349 |
Philippe Aghion
George-Marios Angeletos
Abhijit Banerjee
Kalina Manova
|
Volatility and Growth: Credit Constraints and Productivity-Enhancing Investment |
|
w11317 |
Matias Iaryczower
Pablo Spiller
Mariano Tommasi
|
Judicial Lobbying: The Politics of Labor Law Constitutional Interpretation |
|
w11288 |
Ernst R. Berndt
Rachel Glennerster
Michael R. Kremer
Jean Lee
Ruth Levine
Georg Weizsacker
Heidi Williams
|
Advanced Purchase Commitments for a Malaria Vaccine: Estimating Costs and Effectiveness |
|
w11267 |
Roger Gordon
Wei Li
|
Tax Structure in Developing Countries: Many Puzzles and a Possible Explanation |
|
w11235 |
Daron Acemoglu
|
Constitutions, Politics and Economics: A Review Essay on Persson and Tabellini's "The Economic Effect of Constitutions" |
|
w11224 |
Thorsten Beck
Asli Demirguc-Kunt
Ross Levine
|
SMEs, Growth, and Poverty |
|
w11219 |
Joshua D. Angrist
Adriana Kugler
|
Rural Windfall or a New Resource Curse? Coca, Income, and Civil Conflict in Colombia |
|
w11205 |
Daron Acemoglu
Simon Johnson
James Robinson
Pierre Yared
|
Income and Democracy |
|
w11204 |
Daron Acemoglu
Simon Johnson
James A. Robinson
Pierre Yared
|
From Education to Democracy? |
|
w11146 |
Michele Boldrin
Mariacristina De Nardi
Larry E. Jones
|
Fertility and Social Security |
|
w11125 |
Robert W. Fogel
|
RECONSIDERING EXPECTATIONS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AFTER |
|
w11121 |
Isaac Ehrlich
Jinyoung Kim
|
Social Security, Demographic Trends, and Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence from the International Experience |
|
w11048 |
James Levinsohn
Margaret McMillan
|
Does Food Aid Harm the Poor? Household Evidence from Ethiopia |
|
w11045 |
Francesco Caselli
Silvana Tenreyro
|
Is Poland the Next Spain? |
2004
|
|
w11009 |
Peter J. Klenow
Andres Rodriguez-Clare
|
Externalities and Growth |
|
w11008 |
Harold L. Cole
Lee E. Ohanian
Alvaro Riascos
James A. Schmitz
Jr.
|
Latin America in the Rearview Mirror |
|
w10991 |
Alwyn Young
|
The Gift of the Dying: The Tragedy of AIDS and the Welfare of Future African Generations |
|
w10990 |
Geert Bekaert
Campbell R. Harvey
Christian Lundblad
Stephan Siegel
|
Global Growth Opportunities and Market Integration |
|
w10983 |
Thorsten Beck
Asli Demirguc-Kunt
Luc Laeven
Ross Levine
|
Finance, Firm Size, and Growth |
|
w10980 |
Kathleen Beegle
Rajeev Dehejia
Roberta Gatti
|
Why Should We Care About Child Labor? The Education, Labor Market, and Health Consequences of Child Labor |
|
w10979 |
Thorsten Beck
Asli Demirguc-Kunt
Ross Levine
|
Finance, Inequality, and Poverty: Cross-Country Evidence |
|
w10971 |
Michael Kremer
Edward Miguel
Rebecca Thornton
|
Incentives to Learn |
|
w10965 |
Stanley Engerman
Kenneth L. Sokoloff
|
Digging the Dirt at Public Expense: Governance in the Building of the Erie Canal and Other Public Works |
|
w10929 |
Raymond Fisman
Virginia Sarria-Allende
|
Regulation of Entry and the Distortion of Industrial Organization |
|
w10903 |
Craig Burnside
Domenico Fanizza
|
Hiccups for HIPCs? |
|
w10899 |
Kala Krishna
Cesar A. Perez
|
Unbalanced Growth |
|
w10890 |
Isaac Ehrlich
Jinyoung Kim
|
The Evolution of Income and Fertility Inequalities over the Course of Economic Development: A Human Capital Perspective |
|
w10849 |
Maurice Obstfeld
|
Globalization, Macroeconomic Performance, and the Exchange Rates of Emerging Economies |
|
w10828 |
Francesco Caselli
|
Accounting for Cross-Country Income Differences |
|
w10802 |
Maryann Feldman
Roger Martin
|
Jurisdictional Advantage |
|
w10793 |
Jeremy Greenwood
Gokce Uysal
|
New Goods and the Transition to a New Economy |
|
w10791 |
Matthew Gentzkow
Edward L. Glaeser
Claudia Goldin
|
The Rise of the Fourth Estate: How Newspapers Became Informative and Why It Mattered |
|
w10778 |
Carol H. Shiue
Wolfgang Keller
|
Markets in China and Europe on the Eve of the Industrial Revolution |
|
w10775 |
Edward L. Glaeser
Claudia Goldin
|
Corruption and Reform: An Introduction |
|
w10772 |
Jeremy Greenwood
Nezih Guner
|
Marriage and Divorce since World War II: Analyzing the Role of Technological Progress on the Formation of Households |
|
w10752 |
Robert W. Fogel
|
High Performing Asian Economies |
|
w10733 |
Diego Comin
Bart Hobijn
|
Neoclassical Growth and the Adoption of Technologies |
|
w10692 |
Randall Morck
Daniel Wolfenzon
Bernard Yeung
|
Corporate Governance, Economic Entrenchment and Growth |
|
w10657 |
Francesco Giavazzi
Guido Tabellini
|
Economic and Political Liberalizations |
|
w10568 |
Edward L. Glaeser
Rafael La Porta
Florencio Lopez-de-Silane
Andrei Shleifer
|
Do Institutions Cause Growth? |
|
w10510 |
Jennifer Hunt
|
Trust and Bribery: The Role of the Quid Pro Quo and the Link with Crime |
|
w10498 |
Esther Duflo
Christopher Udry
|
Intrahousehold Resource Allocation in Cote d'Ivoire: Social Norms, Separate Accounts and Consumption Choices |
|
w10485 |
Steven N. Durlauf
Marcel Fafchamps
|
Social Capital |
|
w10455 |
Murat Iyigun
Dani Rodrik
|
On the Efficacy of Reforms: Policy Tinkering, Institutional Change, and Entrepreneurship |
|
w10438 |
Robert J. Barro
Rachel M. McCleary
|
Which Countries Have State Religions? |
|
w10367 |
Marcela Eslava
John Haltiwanger
Adriana Kugler
Maurice Kugler
|
The Effect of Structural Reforms on Productivity and Profitability Enhancing Reallocation: Evidence from Colombia |
|
w10300 |
Wolfgang Keller
Carol H. Shiue
|
Market Integration and Economic Development: A Long-run Comparison |
|
w10236 |
Raymond Fisman
Inessa Love
|
Financial Development and Growth in the Short and Long Run |
|
w10208 |
Chin Hee Hahn
|
Exporting and Performance of Plants: Evidence from Korean Manufacturing |
2003
|
|
w10147 |
Robert Barro
Rachel M. McCleary
|
International Determinants of Religiosity |
|
w10136 |
Daron Acemoglu
James A. Robinson
Thierry Verdier
|
Kleptocracy and Divide-and-Rule: A Model of Personal Rule |
|
w10077 |
Mauricio Cardenas
Raquel Bernal
|
Determinants of Labor Demand in Colombia: 1976-1996 |
|
w10064 |
Peter Blair Henry
Peter Lombard Lorentzen
|
Domestic Capital Market Reform and Access to Global Finance: Making Markets Work |
|
w10050 |
Dani Rodrik
|
Growth Strategies |
|
w10037 |
Daron Acemoglu
|
The Form of Property Rights: Oligarchic vs. Democratic Societies |
|
w10020 |
Johannes Van Biesebroeck
|
Exporting Raises Productivity in Sub-Saharan African Manufacturing Plants |
|
w9865 |
Elsa V. Artadi
Xavier Sala-i-Martin
|
The Economic Tragedy of the XXth Century: Growth in Africa |
|
w9822 |
Angus Deaton
|
Measuring Poverty in a Growing World (or Measuring Growth in a Poor World) |
|
w9804 |
Xavier Sala-i-Martin
Arvind Subramanian
|
Addressing the Natural Resource Curse: An Illustration from Nigeria |
|
w9775 |
Rafael LaPorta
Florencio Lopez-de-Silane
Christian Pop-Eleches
Andrei Shleifer
|
Judicial Checks and Balances |
|
w9701 |
Chang-Tai Hsieh
Peter J. Klenow
|
Relative Prices and Relative Prosperity |
|
w9682 |
Robert J. Barro
Rachel McCleary
|
Religion and Economic Growth |
|
w9621 |
Tetsushi Sonobe
Keijiro Otsuka
|
Productivity Effects of TVE Privatization: The Case Study of Garment and Metal Casting Enterprises in the Greater Yangtze River Region |
|
w9490 |
Jeffrey D. Sachs
|
Institutions Don't Rule: Direct Effects of Geography on Per Capita Income |
|
w9489 |
Magnus Blomstrom
Ari Kokko
|
The Economics of Foreign Direct Investment Incentives |
|
w9417 |
Robert E. Lipsey
Fredrik Sjoholm
|
Foreign Firms and Indonesian Manufacturing Wages: An Analysis With Panel Data |
2002
|
|
w9378 |
Daron Acemoglu
Simon Johnson
James Robinson
|
The Rise of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change and Economic Growth |
|
w9305 |
Dani Rodrik
Arvind Subramanian
Francesco Trebbi
|
Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development |
|
w9134 |
Sharun Mukand
Dani Rodrik
|
In Search of the Holy Grail: Policy Convergence, Experimentation, and Economic Performance |
|
w9124 |
Daron Acemoglu
Simon Johnson
James Robinson
Yunyong Thaicharoen
|
Institutional Causes, Macroeconomic Symptoms: Volatility, Crises and Growth |
|
w9117 |
Margaret McMillan
Dani Rodrik
Karen Horn Welch
|
When Economic Reform Goes Wrong: Cashews in Mozambique |
|
w9106 |
William Easterly
Ross Levine
|
Tropics, Germs, and Crops: How Endowments Influence Economic Development |
|
w9086 |
Kala Krishna
Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay
Cemile Yavas
|
Trade with Labor Market Distortions and Heterogeneous Labor: Why Trade Can Hurt |
|
w9082 |
Thorsten Beck
Ross Levine
|
Stock Markets, Banks, and Growth: Panel Evidence |
|
w8995 |
Kala Krishna
Cemile Yavas
|
When Does Trade Hurt? Market, Transition and Developing Economies |
|
w8931 |
Robert J. Barro
Rachel M. McCleary
|
Religion and Political Economy in an International Panel |
|
w8897 |
Sylvie Demurger
Jeffrey D. Sachs
Wing Thye Woo
Shuming Bao
Gene Chang
Andrew Mellinger
|
Geography, Economic Policy, and Regional Development in China |
|
w8894 |
Mary Hallward-Driemeier
Giuseppe Iarossi
Kenneth L. Sokoloff
|
Exports and Manufacturing Productivity in East Asia: A Comparative Analysis with Firm-Level Data |
|
w8714 |
David E. Bloom
David Canning
Jaypee Sevilla
|
The Wealth of Nations: Fundamental Forces Versus Poverty Traps |
|
w8710 |
Esther Duflo
|
The Medium Run Effects of Educational Expansion: Evidence from a Large School Construction Program in Indonesia |
|
w8707 |
Chun-Chung Au
Vernon Henderson
|
How Migration Restrictions Limit Agglomeration and Productivity in China |
