NBER Publications by Xin Xu

In this study, we examined the association between girls%u2019 participation in high school sports and the physical activity, weight, body mass and body composition of adolescent females during the 1970s when girls%u2019 sports participation was dramatically increasing as a result of Title IX. We found that increases in girls%u2019 participation in high school sports, a proxy for expanded athletic opportunities for adolescent females, were associated with an increase in physical activity and an improvement in weight and body mass among girls. In contrast, adolescent boys experienced a decline in physical activity and an increase in weight and body mass during the period when girls%u2019 athletic opportunities were expanding. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that Title IX and ...